This program involves projects such as Small Business Development: Opportunities and Challenges, Cloud computing for Small businesses, ICT Maturity: An Index for assessing a country’s capacity to grow through its ICT infrastructure and a Comparative Analysis of ICT adoption in all country's and the USA.
The problem of transmission, processing and preservation of information has been and still remains relevant throughout the human history. In ancient times, rock carvings were used as information, and cliffs, cave walls served as information carriers.
The fundamentals of the scientific theory of information were laid by K. Shenon, who views information as "the removed uncertainty of knowledge about something" (Shenon,
1963).
Among the set of definitions, the most common one is the definition by N. Wiener, in the
interpretation of which, information is the exchange of messages, it is "the content of material obtained from the outside world in the process of adaptation of a person to it" (Wiener, 1983). In the broadest sense, information is data about the objective world received by a person in the process of cognition, transmitted through signals, symbols, and signs. Within the framework of the informational concept, the phase in which modern society is located is called the information.
Companies in the information technology field are often discussed as a group as the "tech sector" or the "tech industry. "These titles can be misleading at times and should not be mistaken for “tech companies;" which are generally large scale, for-profit corporations that sell consumer technology and software.
It is also worth noting that from a business perspective, Information Technology departments are a “cost center” the majority of the time. A cost center is a department or staff which incurs expenses, or “costs," within a company rather than generating profits or revenue streams.
Modern businesses rely heavily on technology for their day-to-day operations, so the expenses delegated to cover technology that facilitates business in a more efficient manner are usually seen as “just the cost of doing business." IT departments are allocated funds by senior leadership and must attempt to achieve the desired deliverables while staying within that budget. Government and the private sector might have different funding mechanisms, but the principles are more-or-less the same. This is an often overlooked reason for the rapid interest in automation and Artificial Intelligence, but the constant pressure to do more with less is opening the door for automation to take control of at least some minor operations in large companies.
Many companies now have IT departments for managing the computers, networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. Companies have also sought to integrate IT with business outcomes and decision-making through a BizOps or business operations department.
In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support, or management of computer-based information systems".
The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software are maintained, upgraded, and replaced.
